متى حدثت بيعة العقبة الاولى , مما لا شك فيه أن هذا الموضوع من أهم وأفضل الموضوعات التي يمكن أن أتحدث عنها اليوم، حيث أنه موضوع شيق ويتناول نقاط حيوية، تخص كل فرد في المجتمع، وأتمنى من الله عز وجل أن يوفقني في عرض جميع النقاط والعناصر التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع.
When did the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba take place, with the passage of several years of the Prophet’s call – peace and blessings be upon him – and the useless hostility of the people of Quraysh and their gods, the Prophet was subjected to a lot of harm, persecution, and sometimes blame and abuse of people, however, the Prophet was strong enough to regroup The people around him, teaching them the teachings of the religion and introducing them to it with pure conviction, and in our article today via my articles website, we will learn about this pledge of allegiance and when it occurred and all the details related to it.
Aqaba pledge
For many years before Islam, many people used to visit Mecca for work or as pilgrims to the Kaaba as a religious center for them, and a place for reconciliation between the warring tribes always in that region, and this is what made the Holy Prophet – may God’s prayers and peace be upon him – seize this opportunity to meet visitors and elders The people in the tribes and introducing them to the teachings of Islam, and the Messenger used to meet with the representatives of the Arab tribes at night so that the people of Mecca who were hostile to him and to the heavenly message would not prevent him from spreading his true call for fear of their authority, and after years of persecution of the Prophet and the believers since the mission, the Holy Prophet found hope in that to spread the call among the tribes And luring them to his side, free from the harm and brutality of the Quraish, taking advantage of the state of division, raging wars and disputes between tribes, and among the most famous tribes at that time were the Aws and Khazraj, who later became a party to the pledge of allegiance.[1]
When is fasting obligatory according to the Gregorian and Hijri dates?
When did the first pledge of allegiance take place?
The first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba took place around the twelfth year of the mission, and it came after many attempts by the Prophet to guide people during the Hajj seasons, as tribes flocked to Mecca for pilgrimage and trade and to resolve their differences, and among them were the tribes of Aws and Khazraj, who were at constant disagreement and among them liquid blood and revenge. The Prophet – may God bless him and grant him peace – found hope in the men of these tribes who came from Yathrib (which was later called Medina). And his honesty, just as the Arabs in Yathrib were aware of monotheism through the Jewish community in it that followed our master Moses, peace be upon him, and it was mentioned in the Torah that the Prophet of truth – Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him – is inevitably coming as God promised, so the men of the Aws and Khazraj tribes found hope. In the Holy Prophet to end the revolts between the two tribes and resolve the conflict, and they were on the verge of the Islamic call.[1]
Where was the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba?
The pledge of allegiance to Aqaba was at the site or mountain of Aqaba, which is close to Mount Mina, which is concerned with the rituals of Hajj. A man and two women, and in honor of this site and the important Islamic event that took place in it, a mosque was erected in this location in the name of the Aqaba Mosque during the time of the Abbasid Caliph Abu Jaafar Al-Mansur around the year 114 AH 761 AD. The mosque overlooks Mount Mina from its eastern side, and is located about 500 meters away. From the place of throwing Jamrat Al-Aqabah.[1]
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The events of the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba
The first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba began in the eleventh year of the mission (about 620 AD). During the pilgrimage season known to the tribes, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, met with his companions Ali bin Abi Talib and Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq – may God be pleased with them – with six men from Yathrib while they were passing through the obstacles, and all of them They were from the Khazraj, and in the following year (the twelfth year of the mission around 621 AD) a group of twelve men came to pledge allegiance to the Holy Prophet, as the name of the first pledge was raised later, and among them were five of the original six who met the Prophet – may God’s prayers and peace be upon him – in the year Thus, nine of them were from the Khazraj, and three were from the Aussies.[1]
The Companions who participated in the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba
The first pledge took place in two stages. In the 11th year of the mission, the Holy Prophet – peace and blessings be upon him – pledged allegiance to six of the Khazraj and pledged allegiance to him, and they are:[2]
- Asaad bin Zarara.
- Awf bin Harith.
- Rafi bin Malik.
- Qutbah bin Amer.
- Uqba bin Amer.
- Jaber bin Abdullah bin horror.
In the second stage in the 12th year of the mission, the Prophet pledged allegiance to twelve companions, five of whom came in the previous year, and only Jaber bin Abdullah bin Raab was absent, and the other seven are:
- Muadh bin Al-Harith bin Afra from Al-Khazraj.
- Dhakwan bin Abdul Qais from Al-Khazraj.
- Ubadah ibn al-Samit from al-Khazraj.
- Yazid bin Tha’labah from Al-Khazraj.
- Al-Abbas bin Ubadah bin Nadla of Al-Khazraj.
- Abu Al-Haytham bin Al-Tayhan from Al-Aws.
- Awaim bin Saeda from Aws.
Who was the first to establish the rituals of Hajj and Duha?
The terms of the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba
The first clauses of the pledge of allegiance to Al-Aqabah were nothing but all the teachings and matters that were recommended by the Prophet of God, which were done by the ignorant people of Quraysh and other tribes that worshiped idols and associate God, in addition to pledging provision on behalf of Muslims, protecting them from the infidels, supporting religion, raising its status and advocating for it, The main items included the following:[2]
- They worship none but God alone, and do not associate anyone with Him, and do not return to idolatry.
- That they believe in the Noble Prophet and that he is the Messenger of God and the transmitter of his message, and all that was revealed to him is from God alone.
- Not disobeying the Messenger with any just order and righteous deeds
- Do they not return to pre-Islamic customs such as the valley of the builders, drinking wine, fornication, and enslaving people or enslaving them.
- Not to steal or forge the truth, utter falsehood, and commit sins, big or small.
Significance of the clauses of the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba
The commandments and clauses that were agreed upon in the first pledge of allegiance carried many implications within them, which can be summarized as follows:[2]
- The first focus of the Prophet was to introduce the entrants to the covenant on the oneness of God and work to elevate his word and empower the religion and not be distracted from that.
- In the terms of the pledge of allegiance to Aqaba, the Prophet focused on the spiritual and moral aspect of the Islamic call, and did not touch on anything else that would distract the focus on that, except the issue of monotheism.
- The call was characterized by the sincerity that was known from the Noble Prophet, which was witnessed by the Prophet even from the people of Quraysh and its infidels as well as the believers.
- The pledge of allegiance showed the extent of the Prophet’s awareness of the aspects and stages of da’wah. He did not anticipate matters and teach his companions the principles of jihad except in later stages.
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Results of the first pledge of Aqaba
The first pledge of allegiance brought great benefits to the religion and the da’wah as a whole, and it resulted in the beginning of a new era that resulted in the following:[2]
- The end of the hostility between the Aws and Khazraj tribes after they united on the religion of God, and this had a great impact on the souls of the tribes at the time.
- The entry of many supporters into the religion of Islam, and this would strengthen the position of Islam as a whole in the midst of blind subordination to idolatry and the like.
- dispelling the fears of many at the idea of the wrath of their deaf and powerless deities, which made them realize that their worship of the deities was nothing but a ridiculous legacy of their ancestors.
- Spreading awareness in Yathrib about the Islamic religion and its teachings, which indicate the existence of an able and powerful Lord worthy of worship, after the Prophet – may God bless him and grant him peace – entrusted this task to Musab bin Omair, may God be pleased with him.
- The first pledge of allegiance was not only attracting individuals to the Islamic religion and strengthening it, but rather it was a turning point in the manufacture of the power of the call that was launched into the open to establish the Islamic state and the entire civilization.
Why was the first pledge of Aqaba called the pledge of women?
In Islamic history, two pledges of allegiance were mentioned in the mountain of Aqaba, adjacent to Mount Mina, where the rites of Hajj are held. They were named after the region, except that the first pledge of allegiance is also called the pledge of women. As for the reason for this, two sayings were mentioned in it:
- The first saying: It is that this pledge of allegiance did not occur in it any fighting or jihad in the cause of God, but took a negotiating approach to some extent, and it was also said that the Prophet pledged allegiance to women first, then he pledged allegiance to men according to what he pledged allegiance to women, so it was called the pledge of women.
- The second say: It is that I agreed with the vagina who mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in Surah, as he said. They invent it between their hands and their feet, and they do not disobey you in kindness, so swear allegiance to them and ask forgiveness for them.}[3]
Reasons for the first pledge of allegiance to Aqaba
The first pledge of Aqaba was an important historical event in the history of the heavenly message as a whole, and the Prophet initiated it for several reasons, the most prominent of which are:[2]
- Strengthening the position of the religion and securing support for it and the Muslims after the polytheists increased the harm of the Prophet and Muslims.
- Expanding the scope of the call to include Medina and the Prophet’s desire to leave Mecca to ease the burden of harm on Muslims.
- The pledge of allegiance came as a preparation event before the migration from Mecca to Yathrib (present-day Medina), which changed the fate of the call and Islam as a whole.
- The Prophet’s desire to benefit from the Islam of the people of Yathrib, which would affect the view of all tribes of the new religion.
- Benefiting from the desire of the elders of the Aws and Khazraj tribes to resolve the dispute and strife between them, as this pledge of allegiance was the reason for that.
- The Prophet’s desire to take advantage of the status of the Aws and Khazraj tribes among the tribes, to show them the extent of the greatness of the message and the greatness of what it calls for.
A comparison between the first and second pledge of allegiance to Aqaba
The first pledge of allegiance did not differ much from the second in terms of its essence. Both calls were a victory for religion and an elevation of the word of truth. The fundamental difference was in the course of events, some items, etc., which can be listed in the following:[2]
Comparison The first pledge of Aqaba The second pledge of Aqaba History It began in the year 11 of the mission, and took place in the year 12 of the mission, about 620 to 621 AD. It took place in the year 13 of the mission, about the year 622 AD. The number of those who pledged allegiance were 12 companions, five of whom pledged allegiance to the Prophet in the year 11 for the mission, and seven joined them the following year to become 12, and they are ten from the Khazraj and two from the Aws. Their number was 73 men, most of them Khazraj, and two women. Items of allegiance unite God and not to involve him.
Belief in the Prophet and what he says is a revelation from God.
They do not commit adultery, do not steal, do not visit the truth, and do not bring falsehood.
Do not go back to pre-Islamic customs such as infanticide and enslavement of people.
Listen and obey the Prophet in every difficulty and ease.
Spending a lot of money in ease and hardship.
Prepare for jihad in the way of God if necessary.
Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice.
Not to be afraid of blaming anyone in support of religion.
Supporting the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, when he came to them, and protecting him from all that they protect themselves, their wives and their children from.
Indications of the pledge clauses In this pledge of allegiance, the Prophet focused on the spiritual and moral aspect of the Islamic call, introducing people to the religion and its teachings, and did not address jihad. In this pledge of allegiance, the Prophet focused on taking the covenant of patience and steadfastness in the face of polytheism, and supporting the call with blood and money and jihad in the way of God to establish the foundations of the Islamic state based on the truth.
With this, we come to the end of our article, which was titled When did the first pledge of Aqaba take place, through which we learned about this pledge, when and where it took place, its causes and important events, as well as its provisions and implications, the results of the pledge and the reason for calling it the pledge of women, and we made a comparison between the first and second pledges.
the reviewer
islambasics.com , THE FIRST AQABAH PLEDGE , 26/03/2022
londoni.co , Growing Muslim community in Madinah , 26/03/2022
خاتمة لموضوعنا متى حدثت بيعة العقبة الاولى ,وفي نهاية الموضوع، أتمنى من الله تعالى أن أكون قد استطعت توضيح كافة الجوانب التي تتعلق بهذا الموضوع، وأن أكون قدمت معلومات مفيدة وقيمة.